（一）、基本案情：
2003年，A公司向国家知识产权局申请了名为“广告牌”的外观设计并得到授权，2005年该公司在当地发现B公司制作的广告牌，外观设计与其专利相同，随即，该公司举报至当地知识产权局，要求停止侵权行为，A公司作为利害关系人参与案件的处理。

（二）B公司答辩称：
其树立广告牌实际是宣传牌、指路牌，是为宣传公益事业委托他人制作的，其使用行为不构成侵权。

（三）涉及的法律问题：
本案涉及外观专利的保护范围，即“为生产经营目” 是否包含“使用”。
《专利法》第1条禁止性规定了“不得为生产经营目的制造、销售、进口其外观设计专利产品”。意味着，如行为人仅是委托他人制作产品，而未发出具体指令，由他人单独设计、加工制作，并交付使用，虽然相关产品与外观设计专利产品相同或近似，但因行为人仅存在使用，而不涉及加工、设计、销售，不会对外观设计专利构成侵权行为。
与发明专利、实用新型专利相比，外观设计专利的禁止性规定不包括“使用”和“许诺销售”等行为，法理在于，专利鼓励的是创新智力成果，保护的是对智力成果擅自进行商业性复制和模仿。外观专利的使用目的、功能本身，即没有复制模仿，也没有因外观专利本身直接获利，即没有对产品销售（所有权转移）的获利。另外，如对外观专利的使用行为作出禁止性规定，则可能有悖社会公众利益。因此，对外观设计产品的使用，不必作出禁止性规定。
因此，应严格区分经济主体的经营行为和消费行为。不妨认为，企业购买栅栏将自身经营场所围护，与普通公民购买防盗铁窗用于房屋的加装，两个行为的本质是完全一致的，就是纯粹的消费行为，这样的消费并不给企业带来任何经济利益；企业购买了侵权产品进行福利发放、在营业场所悬挂侵犯外观专利的挂钟，也仅仅是消费行为，企业也并未通过该行为获得客观、明确、直接的对价。企业自用侵权产品的行为，若实质为该企业的消费行为，不应宽泛的认为是“为生产经营目”。
但如果将他人外观专利产品作为零部件，制作自己产品，再销售的，因零部件作为整体的一部分，跟随整体产品一同进行了所有权的转移，则超出了使用行为的范围，构成了销售侵权，但侵犯外观设计专利权的产品在该另一产品中仅具有技术功能的除外。

（四）案情分析
因本案B公司未参与广告牌的设计、制作，而是委托他人制作，对广告牌的使用，为终极使用行为，是以广告为媒介、工具，进行其他商业活动，而非以广告牌本身获取直接的经济利益，故可以认定为其是使用行为，而非制造、销售行为，不够称侵权。


北京高文律师事务所
商家泉 律师

Hong Kong


　CONSUMER COUNCIL ORDINANCE
　(CHAPTER 216)
　CONTENTS
　　
　　ion
　　I　　　　PRELIMINARY
　　hort title
　　nterpretation
　　II　　　 INCORPORATION AND POWERS
　　ncorporation of Consumer Council
　　unctions of Council
　　owers of Council
　　embership of Council
　　eetings of Council
　　ommittees
　　isclosure of member's interest
　　Appointment of staff and advisers
　　Documents of Council
　　III　　　 FINANCIAL
　　Resources of Council
　　Borrowing powers
　　Investment of funds
　　Estimates
　　Accounts, audit and annual report
　　IV　　　 GENERAL
　　Council not servant or agent of Crown
　　Governor may give directions
　　Protection of members of Council and committees
　　Prohibition of exploitation of the Council's name for
advertisement
　　oses
　　Transitional provisions
　　dule
　Whole document
　　
　　ncorporate the Consumer Council, to define its functions　and　
powers,
　　egative personal liability of members and employees for the　
Council's
　　ts committees' acts or omissions, and for connected purposes.
　　July 1977] L. N. 167 of 1977
　PART I PRELIMINARY
　　
　　hort title
　　Ordinance may be cited as the Consumer Council Ordinance.
　　nterpretation
　　his Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires--
　　ncil" means the Consumer Council incorporated by section 3 (1);
　　ancial year" means each period of 12 months ending with 31 March;
　　ber" means a member of the Council.
　PART II INCORPORATION AND POWERS
　　
　　ncorporation of Consumer Council
　　The Consumer Council existing at the commencement of this
Ordinance is
　　by created a body corporate consisting of the persons who from
time to
　　hold office as members of the Council.
　　The Council shall have perpetual succession　and　a　common　
seal　and
　　l be capable of suing and being sued and of doing　and　suffering　
all
　　other acts and things as bodies corporate may lawfully do and
suffer.
　　The Council shall continue to be known in the Chinese language
as.
　　unctions of Council
　　The functions of the Council are to protect and promote the　
interests
　　onsumers of goods and services and purchasers, mortgagors and　
lessees
　　mmovable property by--
　　collecting, receiving and disseminating
　　rmation concerning goods, services and immovable property;
　　receiving and examining complaints by and giving advice　to　
consumers
　　oods and services and purchasers, mortgagors and lessees of　
immovable
　　erty;
　　taking such action as　it　thinks　justified　by　information　
in　its
　　ession, including tendering advice to the Government or to any　
public
　　cer;
　　encouraging business and professional associations to
　　blish codes of practice to regulate the activities of their
members;
　　undertaking such other functions as the Council　may　adopt　
with　the
　　r approval of the Governor in Council.
　　The Governor may be notice in　writing　to　the　Council　
declare　any
　　s, services or immovable property　or　class　of　goods,　
services　or
　　vable property to be outside the　scope　of　the　Council's　
functions
　　r subsection (1).
　　In subsection (1) and in section 5 (2) (c) "goods and　services"　
does
　　include goods and services which are--
　　supplied by--
　　the Government, the Urban Council or the Regional Council; or
(Amended
　　f 1985 s.　60)
　　a body mentioned in the Schedule; or
　　made the subject of a declaration under subsection (2).
　　The Governor in Council may, by order published in the Gazette,　
amend
　　Schedule.　(Amended 5 of 1992 s. 2)
　　owers of Council
　　The Council may do such things as are reasonably necessary　to　
enable
　　o carry out its functions.
　　Without restricting the generality of subsection (1), the Council　
may
　　arrying out its functions--
　　acquire, hold and　dispose　of　all　kinds　of　property　
movable　and
　　vable and in any manner which it thinks fit;
　　enter into any contract;
　　undertake the testing　and　examination　of　goods　and　
services　and
　　ection of immovable property; (Amended 5 of 1992s. 3)
　　produce or distribute, by way of sale or　otherwise,　any　
publication
　　h is of interest to consumers;
　　do any thing which it may do under this ordinance　in　
association　or
　　peration with any other person or sponsor any other person to do　
that
　　g;
　　charge for the use of any facility or service provided by the
Council;
　　with the prior approval　of　the　Governor,　become　a　member　
of　or
　　liate to any international body concerned with consumer matters.
　　
　　embership of Council
　　The Council shall consist of the following members--
　　a Chairman who shall be appointed by　the　Governor　for　a　
term　not
　　eding 2 years;
　　a Vice-Chairman who shall be appointed by the Governor for a term　
not
　　eding 2 years; and (Replaced 28 of 1985 s. 2)
　　not more than 20 other persons each of whom shall be appointed
by　the
　　rnor for a term not exceeding 2 years. (Replaced 28 of 1989 s.
2)
　　The Chairman, Vice-Chairman　and　any　other　member　
appointed　under
　　ection (1) (c) may be reappointed　upon　expiry　of　their　
respective
　　s of office. (Amended 28 of 1985 s. 2)
　　The Chairman, Vice-Chairman　and　any　other　member　
appointed　under
　　ection (1) (c) may at any time-- (Amended 28 of 1985 s. 2)
　　resign his office by notice to the Governor; or
　　be removed therefrom by the Governor for permanent incapacity or
other
　　icient cause, and upon such resignation or removal the term for　
which
　　as appointed shall be deemed to have expired.
　　Where the Chairman, Vice-Chairman or any other member appointed　
under
　　ection (1) (c) is precluded by temporary　incapacity　or　other　
cause
　　exercising his functions as such for　any　period　the　
Governor　may
　　int another person to act in place of the　Chairman　Vice-
Chairman　or
　　r member during such period with all such rights,　powers,　
duties　or
　　ilities as if he had been appointed under subsection (1). (Amended　
28
　　985s. 2)
　　(Replaced 28 of 1985s. 2)
　　Where any question arises under subsection (3) or (4)　as　to　
whether
　　incapacity or cause exists or whether any incapacity is　
temporary　or
　　anent or any cause sufficient, the decision of　the　Governor　
thereon
　　l be final.
　　eetings of Council
　　Meetings of the Council shall be held at such times and places
as　the
　　cil, the Chairman or in his absence, the Vice-Chairman may　from　
time
　　ime appoint.
　　The following procedural provisions shall apply to
　　y meeting of the Council and subject thereto the Council may　
regulate
　　own procedure--
　　at meetings of the Council 11 members shall form a　quorum;　
(Replaced
　　f 1989 s.　3. Amended 5 of 1992 s. 4)
　　the Chairman or in his absence, the Vice-Chairman shall preside
or, if
　　are absent or disqualified under section 9 (c), the　members　
present
　　l appoint one of their number to preside;
　　every question shall be determined by　a　majority　of　votes　
of　the
　　ers present and voting thereon;
　　in the event of an equality of votes the member presiding shall
have a
　　ing vote in addition to his ordinary vote.
　　nded 28 of 1985 s. 3)
　　
　　ommittees
　　The Council may appoint　committees　and　may　delegate　to　
them　the
　　cise and performance of any of its powers and　functions　except　
this
　　r of delegation.
　　Persons who are not members of the Council are
　　ible for appointment to committees.
　　Subject　to　the　terms　of　any　delegation　by　the　
Council,　every
　　ittee--
　　may exercise and perform the delegated powers and functions
　　the same effect as if it were the Council itself;
　　shall be presumed to be acting in accordance with　the　terms　of　
the
　　gation in the absence of proof to the contrary;
　　may regulate its own procedure.
　　isclosure of member's interest
　　member of the Council, or of any committee　of　the　Council,　
has　a
　　ct or indirect commercial interest in any matter under discussion
at a
　　ing of the Council or of the committee, being an interest greater
than
　　which he has as　a　member　of　the　general　public,　the　
following
　　isions shall apply--
　　he shall disclose the nature of his interest at the meeting;
　　the disclosure shall be recorded in the minutes;
　　where the disclosure is made by the member presiding, he shall　
vacate
　　chair during the discussion;
　　the member (including one who has vacated the chair under
paragraph
　　shall, if so required by the　member　presiding,　withdraw　
from　the
　　ing during the discussion　and　shall　not　in　any　case,　
except　as
　　rwise determined by the　member　presiding,　vote　on　any　
resolution
　　erning the matter or be counted for the purpose　of　establishing　
the
　　tence of a quorum.
　　Appointment of staff and advisers
　　Subject to subsection (4), the Council shall appoint a person to　
hold
　　office of Chief Executive. (Amended 28 of 1985 s. 4)
　　The Council may appoint such other employees　as　it　thinks　
fit　and
　　ect to　subsection　(4),　determine　all　matters　relating　
to　their
　　neratior and terms and conditions of appointment or employment.
　　The Council may engage the　services　of　technical　and　
professional
　　sers in such manner and on such terms and conditions as it thinks
fit.
　　The Council shall obtain the prior approval of the Governor to--
　　any appointment proposed to be made under subsection (1) and the
terms
　　conditions thereof;
　　the suspension or dismissal of the Chief Executive;
　　the salary or salary scale (including allowances and　other　
pecuniary
　　fits) and conditions of employment applicable to the　Chief　
Executive
　　every other employee or class employee, and any variation
thereof.
　　nded 28 of 1985 s. 4)
　　No person shall be employed by the Council otherwise than on the
salar
　　alary scale or on the conditions of employment applicable to that
pers
　　oved by the Governor under subsection (4).
　　
　　Documents of Council
　　The Council may make and execute all such documents as　may　
expedient
　　or conducive to the exercise and performance of　its　power　
functions
　　duties.
　　The fixing of the seal of the Council to any document
　　l--
　　be authorized by resolution of the Council; and
　　be authenticated by the signatures　of　any　2　members　
authorize　by
　　lution of the Council, either generally or specially, to ao　for　
that
　　ose.
　　Any document purporting to be duly executed　under　the　seal　
of　the
　　cil shall, unless the contrary is proved, be　considered　to　be　
duly
　　uted.
　　Any contract or instrument which if entered　into　or　executed　
by　a
　　on not being a body corporate would not be required to be in the　
form
　　deed may be entered into or executed on behalf of the Council by　
any
　　on generally or specially authorized by the Council for that　
purpose.
　PART III FINANCIAL
　　
　　Resources of Council
　　The Governor may, out of money appropriated for　the　purpose　
by　the
　　slative Council, authorize payment to the　Consumer　Council　
of　such
　　nts as he thinks fit.
　　The resources of the Council shall consist
　　
　　all money received by the Council pursuant to subsection (1);
　　money paid to the Council by way of　donations,　fees,　
subscriptions,
　　and interest;
　　all other money　and　property,　including　accumulations　of　
income,
　　ived by the Council for its purposes.
　　Borrowing powers
　　Council may, with the approval of the Financial Secretary,　
borrow　or
　　rwise raise money and charge all　or　any　part　of　its　
property　as
　　rity therefor.
　　Investment of funds
　　money of the　Council　that　is　not　immediately　required　
shall　be
　　sted--
　　on fixed deposit in any bank or savings bank approved by the
　　ncial Secretary, either generally or in any particular case,　for　
the
　　ose; or
　　in such other forms of　investment　as　the　Financial　
Secretary　may
　　ove.
　　Estimates
　　Council shall in each financial year adopt　estimates　of　
income　and
　　nditure for the ensuing financial　year　and,　before　a　date　
to　be
　　inted by the Financial Secretary, send them to the　Governor　for　
his
　　oval together with a programme of　its　proposed　activities　
for　the
　　ing financial year.
　　
　　Accounts, audit and annual report
　　The Council shall keep proper accounts and proper records in　
relation
　　eto and shall within 3 months after the expiry of a financial year,
or
　　further period as　the　Financial　Secretary　may　allow,　
prepare　a
　　ement of the accounts of the Council, which statement shall
include an
　　me and expenditure account and a balance sheet.
　　The Council
　　l, subject to　subsection　(3),　appoint　an　auditor,　who　
shall　be
　　tled to have access at any time to all books of account, vouchers　
and
　　r financial records of the Council and to require such information
and
　　anations relating thereto as he thinks fit.
　　The Council shall obtain the prior approval of the Financial
Secretary
　　ny appointment proposed to be made under subsection (2).
　　The auditor shall, as soon　as　is　practicable,　audit　the　
accounts
　　ired by subsection (1) and　shall　submit　a　report　thereon　
to　the
　　cil.
　　The Council shall within 3 months after　the　receipt　by　it　
of　the
　　tor's report in respect of its　accounts　for　a　financial　
year,　or
　　in such further period as the Financial Secretary may allow,
furnish--
　　a report on the affairs of the Council for that year;
　　a copy of its accounts therefor; and
　　the auditor's report on the accounts, to the Governor who shall　
cause
　　same to be tabled in the Legislative Council.
　PART IV GENERAL
　　
　　Council not servant or agent of Crown
　　Council is not a servant or agent of the Crown and does not enjoy　
any
　　us, immunity or privilege of the Crown.
　　Governor may give directions
　　The Governor　may,　if　he　considers　that　the　public　
interest　so
　　ires, give to the Council　such　directions　as　he　thinks　
fit　with
　　ect to the exercise and performance by　the　Council　of　its　
powers,
　　tions and duties under this Ordinance,　either　generally　or　
in　any
　　icular case.
　　The Council　shall　comply　with　any　direction　given　to　
it　under
　　ection (1).
　　Protection of members of Council and committees
　　No member or employee of the　Council　or　of　any　committee　
of　the
　　cil shall be personally liable for any act done or default made--
　　by the Council; or
　　by any committee of the Council, acting in good faith in the course
of
　　operations of the Council or of the committee.
　　The protection hereby　conferred　on　members　and　employees　
of　the
　　cil or of a committee in respect of any act or default　shall　not　
in
　　way affect any liability of the Council for that act or default.
　　
　　Prohibition of exploitation of the Council's　name　for　
advertisement
　　oses
　　No person shall, with a view to promoting or disparaging any
　　s, services or immovable　property　or　promoting　the　image　
of　any
　　on, publish or cause to be published any　advertisement　which　
either
　　essly or by implication makes reference to--
　　the Council;
　　any committee, member, agent or employee of the Council;
　　the Council's publication or finding of tests or surveys
conducted　by
　　n behalf of the Council; or
　　any other　information　published　by　the　Council,　without　
written
　　ent of the Council.
　　Any person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an　offence　
and　is
　　le to a fine of $ 100,000.
　　For the purpose of subsection (1) "advertisement" may　be　
constituted
　　ny words, whether written or spoken, or any picture,　drawing,　
visual
　　e, figure or article--
　　appearing in any publication; or
　　brought to the notice of the public or any section of　the　public　
in
　　other way.　(Replaced 5 of 1992 s. 5)
　　Transitional provisions
　　All property of whatever kind and whether movable or immovable　
vested
　　r belonging to the Consumer Council existing at　the　
commencement　of
　　Ordinance shall as from that date vest in or belong to　that　
Council
　　ts corporate capacity without any further assurance.
　　All obligations and liabilities of the said Consumer　Council　
are　as
　　the commencement of this Ordinance the obligations and
liabilities of
　　Council in its corporate capacity.
　　Where anything has been commenced by or under　the　authority　
of　the
　　Consumer Council before the commencement of this Ordinance such
thing
　　be carried on any completed by the Council in its corporate
capacity.
　　Every person who immediately before the commencement of this
Ordinance
　　s an appointment as Chairman, Executive Director or a　member　of　
the
　　Consumer Council is, as from such commencement　but　subject　to　
the
　　s of his appointment, the Chairman, Executive Director, or a
member of
　　Council, as the case may be, for the purposes of this Ordinance.
　　Notwithstanding the definition of "financial year" in　section　
2　the
　　od between the commencement of this Ordinance and 31 March 1978　
shall
　　eemed to be a financial year.
　　No stamp duty shall be payable in respect of any transfer of　
property
　　r this section.
　SCHEDULE
　　
　　Television Limited
　　a Light and Power Company, Limited
　　a Motor Bus Company, Limited
　　Cross-Harbour Tunnel Company, Limited
　　Marketing Organization
　　Kong Air Cargo Terminals Limited
　　Hong Kong and Yaumati Ferry Company Limited

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